BELEM,
Nations sealed a modest agreement at the UN climate summit in the Brazilian Amazon on Saturday as many countries swallowed weaker terms on a fossil fuel phase-out to preserve unity.
Nearly 200 countries approved the deal by consensus after two weeks of exhaustive negotiations on the fringes of the rainforest, with the notable absence of the United States as President Donald Trump shunned the talks.
Applause rang out as the gavel was brought down in steamy Belém, capping a dramatic summit that witnessed raucous protests, a damaging fire and massive street marches.
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who staked political capital on the success of COP30, said the pact was proof that a fractured world could still unite in crisis.
“The international community faced a choice: to continue or to give up. We chose the first option,” Lula said in South Africa, where he was attending a G20 summit. “Multilateralism won.”
There was less euphoria in Belem, where defeated European ministers admitted they only took the watered-down deal to keep the entire process from imploding.
“We’re not going to hide the fact that we would have preferred to have more,” said EU climate chief Wopke Hoekstra.
Later, he added, “I know it’s a bit intangible, but there is giant value in doing stuff together.”
The head of China’s delegation at COP30, Li Gao, told AFP that the summit will go down as a success.
“We achieved this success in a very difficult situation, so it shows that the international community would like to show solidarity and make joint efforts to address climate change,” Li said.
India hailed a “meaningful” deal in a statement read on behalf of major emerging markets Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
The Alliance of Small Island States—a bloc of 39 of the world’s most climate-imperilled nations—said the deal was “imperfect but necessary progress” for a global body that operates by consensus.
Fossil fuels flop –
Numerous countries had expressed their intention to withdraw from the talks in the absence of an exit strategy from oil, gas, and coal. However, the deal refers to a previous agreement on fossil fuels without explicitly mentioning it.
“We know some of you had greater ambitions for some of the issues at hand,” said COP30 president Andre Correa do Lago, who offered to create a voluntary “roadmap” away from fossil fuels as a consolation.
Colombia “does not accept” the deal, said President Gustavo Petro, whose country is hosting a world-first summit on a fossil fuel phaseout in April next year.
The roadmap idea picked up pace after an early endorsement from Lula but ran into predictable opposition from oil giants like Saudi Arabia, coal producer India, and others.
“President Lula set the bar high in calling for roadmaps to end fossil fuels and deforestation, but a divided multilateral landscape was unable to hurdle it,” said Carolina Pasquali from Greenpeace Brazil.
Money and trade –
Brazil sought to manage expectations of landing a major deal given the state of geopolitics and a hostile United States.
Despite this, there was a growing sense of optimism that Brazil, as a champion of developing nations and the home of the world's largest rainforest, could make a significant impact.
In a coup for developing countries, the world agreed to “at least triple” by 2035 money for poorer nations to adapt to climate change.
But this was the bare minimum, one negotiator from Bangladesh told AFP, vowing the “fight will continue”.
Raju Pandit, a negotiator from Nepal, said the summit “had not met the expectations of climate-vulnerable countries.”
In what was considered a win for China, strong language around trade measures was also included for the first time in a COP deal.
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