World leaders have reacted with alarm and urgency following military strikes by the United States and Israel on Iran and Tehran’s subsequent retaliation, warning that the confrontation risks spiralling into a wider regional conflict in the Middle East.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk expressed deep concern and called on all sides to exercise maximum restraint.
He urged parties to de-escalate tensions and return to diplomatic engagement, stressing that civilians are often the primary victims of armed conflict.
Türk underscored that the protection of civilians remains a fundamental obligation under international humanitarian law.
European Union Foreign Policy Chief Kaja Kallas described the situation as highly dangerous, reiterating the EU’s commitment to diplomatic solutions, particularly concerning Iran’s nuclear programme. She said the bloc continues to enforce sanctions on Iran while advocating dialogue. Kallas also confirmed consultations with regional foreign ministers, emphasising the importance of civilian protection and respect for international law.
The United Kingdom signalled concern over the potential for further escalation. A government spokesperson said London’s immediate priority is ensuring the safety of British nationals in the region. Prime Minister Keir Starmer convened a meeting of the government’s emergency Cobra committee and is expected to coordinate closely with international partners. British media reported that the UK was not involved in the strikes.
Germany said it had been briefed ahead of the operation, with Chancellor Friedrich Merz holding consultations with key security officials.
In Italy, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni held discussions with ministers and intelligence chiefs and is reportedly engaging with allies to support diplomatic efforts aimed at easing tensions.
Australia voiced support for US efforts to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stating that Canberra backs actions aimed at maintaining international security.
Russia strongly condemned the strikes, calling them reckless and accusing the US and Israel of undermining ongoing diplomatic efforts related to nuclear negotiations. Moscow urged the international community to carefully assess what it described as destabilising actions.
As diplomatic activity intensifies, governments across the globe continue to call for restraint, warning that further escalation could destabilise the already fragile Middle East security environment.
